IoU (Intersection over Union)

IOU(Intersection over Union) is a term used to describe the extent of overlap of two boxes. The greater the region of overlap, the greater the IOU. IOU is mainly used in applications related to object detection, where we train a model to output a box that fits perfectly around an object. Calculating IOU: Let us assume that box 1 is represented by [x1, y1, x2, y2], and box 2 is represented by [x3, y3, x4, y4]. (We will use this convention later to calculate the areas.)